My.ini 默认配置详解


# MySQL Server Instance Configuration File 

Mysql服务实例配置文件 


CLIENT SECTION 

客户端章节: 

[client] 

port=3306            端口号=3306 

注:此处可以添加  如下内容  直接登录MySQL

user=XXXXXX

password=XXXXXX


[mysql] 

default-character-set=latin1    默认字符编码=latin1 


SERVER SECTION 

服务端章节 

[mysqld] 


# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on 

TCP/IP Port 监听mysql的端口号    

port=3306 



#Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.  

安装目录路径 。所有的路径都是作为这个路径的相对路径。 

basedir="E:/programfile/MySql5.1/" 


#Path to the database root 

数据库数据的根路径 

datadir="C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.1/Data/" 


# The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is 

# created and no character set is defined 

默认的字符集编码作用于当一个新的schema 或者表被创建的时候没有指定字符集。 

default-character-set=latin1 


# The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when 

默认的存储引擎作用于当创建新表的时候 

default-storage-engine=INNODB 


# Set the SQL mode to strict 

设置严格的SQL模型 

sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION" 



# The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will 

# allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with 

# SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the 

# connection limit has been reached. 

Mysql 服务端允许最大的并发数,其中一个连接将留给用户使用超级权限连接数据库,即使连接数已经达到最高限额 

max_connections=100 


# Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them 

# without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query 

# cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your 

# have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the 

# "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value 

# is high enough for your load. 

# Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are 

# textually different every time, the query cache may result in a 

# slowdown instead of a performance improvement. 

查询缓存用于在缓存中SELECT结果,返回不是实际查询数据库的结果。 

从缓存中查询的结果会显著的提升查询速度,如果你有很多相同的查询和很少改变表结构。 

查看“Qcache_lowmem_prunes”状态变量来检查当前值对于你的负载是否足够高。 

NOTE:如果你的表结构经常改变或者,你每次查询都不相同,那么使用查询缓存结果可能不是一个性能改进。 

query_cache_size=15M 


# The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value 

# increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires. 

# Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files 

# allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in 

# section [mysqld_safe] 

所有的线程打开表的数量。 

table_cache=256 


# Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table 

# grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk 

# based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many 

# of them. 

临时表最大内存大小。如果一个表生长大于这个值,它会自动转换为磁盘,这只是限制单个表,可以有很多个 

tmp_table_size=18M 



# How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client 

# disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't 

# more than thread_cache_size threads from before.  This greatly reduces 

# the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new 

# connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance 

# improvement if you have a good thread implementation.) 

有很多线程我们应该保持在一个缓存里以便重用。在没有超过超过线程缓存大小之前,当一个客户端断开连接时,把客户端线程放在缓存中。如果你有很多新的连接,那么这大大降低了线程的数量创造需要。(如果你有一个好的改进线程实现方案,那么这个并不会给出一个显著的性能) 

thread_cache_size=8 


#*** MyISAM Specific options 

MYISAM 特殊配置项 


# The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while 

# recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE. 

# If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created 

# through the key cache (which is slower). 

Mysql临时文件允许使用重建索引(在修复,修改表结构,导入数据文件时)的最大大小。 

如果文件大小会比这个大,该指数将被创建通过键缓存(很慢) 

myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G 


# If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger 

# than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the 

# key cache method.  This is mainly used to force long character keys in 

# large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index. 

如果临时文件用于快速创建索引将比使用键缓存更大,那么键缓存的方法是很好的。这主要用于在比较大型的表使用缓慢的基础上,使用长字符串创建索引。 

myisam_sort_buffer_size=35M 


# Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables. 

# Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory 

# is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using 

# MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be 

# used for internal temporary disk tables. 

在MyISAM表里用于缓存索引块。不要把它设置为大于你的可用内存的30%,因为一些内存还需要由OS缓存行,即使您没有使用MyISAM表,您仍然应该将其设置为8 - 64 m,因为它也会用于内部临时磁盘表 

key_buffer_size=8M 


# Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables. 

# Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed. 

MyISAM表用来做全表扫描的缓冲区大小 

如果需要一个完整的扫描,就分配给每一个线程 

read_buffer_size=64K 

read_rnd_buffer_size=256K 


# This buffer is allocated when MySQL needs to rebuild the index in 

# REPAIR, OPTIMZE, ALTER table statements as well as in LOAD DATA INFILE 

# into an empty table. It is allocated per thread so be careful with 

# large settings. 

这个缓冲区是分配给:当MYSQL在需要修理,OPTIMZE,修改表结构语句以及导入加载数据 

到一个空表时重建索引。它是分配给每个线程,所以在大型设置中要小心使用。 

sort_buffer_size=256K 



#*** INNODB Specific options *** 

INNODB特殊项 

INNODB保存数据目录 

innodb_data_home_dir="E:/MySQL Datafiles/" 


# Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled 

# but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space 

# and speed up some things. 

#skip-innodb 


# Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata 

# information.  If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will 

# start to allocate it from the OS.  As this is fast enough on most 

# recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this 

# value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used. 

InnoDB存储元数据信息时的额外的内存池。如果需要更多的内存,InnoDB为此它会分配它的操作系统内存。因为在大多数操作系统中,这已经是足够快的了,所以通常不需要修改这个值。SHOW INNODB STATUS会显示当前的使用量 

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=2M 


# If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the 

# disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are 

# willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small 

# transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the 

# logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and 

# the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2 

# means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log 

# file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second. 

如果设置为1,InnoDB会在每个提交磁盘冲洗事务日志,这提供了完整的ACID的行为. 

如果你想安全,并且正在执行一些小操作,你可以设置为0或者2在减少磁盘I / O日志。 

#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 


# The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as 

# it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed 

# once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large 

# (even with long transactions). 

这个大小用于缓冲InnoDB在缓冲日志数据。一旦它满了,InnoDB会在磁盘上释放它。 

它无论如何都会一秒缓冲一次,这对于非常大的日志是没有意义的。(即使有长事务) 

innodb_log_buffer_size=1M 


# InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and 

# row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to 

# access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this 

# parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it 

# too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may 

# cause paging in the operating system.  Note that on 32bit systems you 

# might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not 

# set it too high. 

InnoDB,不像MyISAM,使用一个缓冲池来缓存的两个索引和行数据。这个磁盘I / O设置的更大,需要访问的数据表更少。在专用的数据库服务器上你可以设置参数高达80%的机器的物理内存大小。不用把它设置的太大,不过,因为在操作系统中竞争的物理内存可能导致内存不够分。注意,32位系统上的你可能被限制在2 - 3.5g的用户级内存,所以不要设置的太高。 

innodb_buffer_pool_size=83M 


# Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size 

# of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid 

# unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However, 

# note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the 

# recovery process. 

每个日志文件在日志组里的大小。你应该将日志文件大约为25% - -100%缓冲池大小合并来避免不必要的缓冲池的缓冲行为覆盖日志文件。然而,一个大的日志文件将增加复苏过程的所需时间。 

innodb_log_file_size=17M 


# Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value 

# depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS 

# scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing. 

InnoDB的内核允许多线程。最高性能取决于高的应用程序、硬件以及操作系统。 

一个很高的值可能导致线程抖动 

innodb_thread_concurrency=8 


总结:Mysql数据库,分INNODB和MYISAM存储引擎,MYISAM不支持多线程,也就是说,当有一个链接在对某表进行存储操作的时候,会自动锁表。当这个链接操作完成以后,后面的链接才能继续执行存储操作。而INNODB支持多线程,只要不是自己手动锁表,都不是出现类似MYISAM的情况。然后再查询速度上,比如:select count(*) from table1;,MYISAM要强于INNODB,因为,在表数据存进来的时候,MYISAM的引擎就会自动存储一个该表的总数量等信息,那么查询的时候就会自动从那里取得。一般MYISAM在统计数据时用的比较多,差不多了,我所知有限,如果有错误的地方,请各位提出来。


以上内容参考与:http://hunanpengdake.iteye.com/admin/blogs/1647725



以下内容是本人正在使用的一份优化后的配置(my.ini):

# MySQL Server Instance Configuration File
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# CLIENT SECTION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

[client]

port=36077

[mysql]

default-character-set=utf8


# SERVER SECTION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

[mysqld]

port=36077
long_query_time = 2

log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1

basedir="D:/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.1/"

datadir="D:/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.1/Data/"

default-character-set=utf8

default-storage-engine=INNODB

sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"

max_connections=260

query_cache_size=181M

table_cache=320

tmp_table_size=185M

thread_cache_size=8

#*** MyISAM Specific options

myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G

myisam_sort_buffer_size=410M

key_buffer_size=284M

read_buffer_size=64K
read_rnd_buffer_size=256K

sort_buffer_size=256K


#*** INNODB Specific options ***

#skip-innodb

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=15M

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1

innodb_log_buffer_size=7M

innodb_buffer_pool_size=550M

innodb_log_file_size=110M

innodb_thread_concurrency=10


修改配置文件后可能遇到的问题:

MySQL Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error.

调查得知,只要删除MySQL/data目录下的ib_logfile0和ib_logfile1两个文件,就可以解决问题了。


其他参考资料:


详细介绍参考:

http://blog.csdn.net/nightelve/article/details/17393631


linux版的mysql完整详细配置详解:

http://my.oschina.net/liting/blog/387489


综合资料参考

http://www.it168.com/redian/mysqlyh/



注意:本文归作者所有,未经作者允许,不得转载